alternative splicing in plants

 

Alternative splicing in plants: directing traffic at the crossroads of adaptation and environmental stress. Although the functional impact of AS on protein complexity is still understudied in plants, recent examples demonstrate its importance in regulating plant processes. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing-based analysis of plant transcriptomes has suggested that up to ∼60% of plant gene loci encode alternatively spliced mature transcripts. AS is tightly controlled by splicing regulators, which recruit spliceosomal components to initiate splicing. Alternative splicing in plants is largely an unexplored area of gene expression, as this phenomenon used to be considered rare. AS also regulates transcript levels … Alternative splicing is coupled to RNA surveillance and processing mechanisms, including nonsense mediated decay. Alternative Splicing • Alternative splicing is nearly ubiquitous in eukaryotes • It has been found in plants, flies, worms, mammals, etc. Alternative splicing in plants is largely an unexplored area of gene expression, as this phenomenon used to be considered rare. –Note: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an intron poor species (95% of genes lack introns) –Alternative splicing is rare in this species • Alternative splicing has recently expanded as an area of research Alternative splicing is common in metazoans and, to a lesser extent, in plants. There are two different modes of splicing: constitutive and alternative (van den Hoogenhof et al., 2016). Alternative splicing function in plants. The concept of the submitted study is very interesting and it can be characterized as innovative because it deals with a vital post-transcriptional regulatory process, which contribute to plant cell differentiation and organ development. AS is a common regulated cellular process that in - creases cell protein and RNA diversity. [ClWIOPEÑI Anireddy S.N. Alternative splicing results in multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene. ... Wang BB, Brendel V (2006) Genomewide comparative analysis of alternative splicing in plants. Alternative splicing (AS) is one such gene regulatory mechanism that modulates gene expression in multiple ways. exon skipping intron retention non-sense-mediated decay represent AltD spliced alignment conserved alternative splicing A lternative splicing (AS) is an important posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism that can increase protein diversity and affect mRNA stability (1, 2). Complexity of the Alternative Splicing Landscape in Plants. Recently, non-protein-coding transcripts have also been shown to undergo alternative splicing. Alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in the environmental fitness of plants through alternative gene splicing. Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins. However, recent data suggest that post-transcriptional regulation, especially AS, is necessary for … In A. thaliana, the core circadian … More than 60% of intron-containing genes undergo alternative splicing (AS) in plants. Tea plants, widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics, are often simultaneously exposed to drought and heat stresses. 2004, Nagasaki et al. In Arabidopsis, 4,707 (21.8%) of the genes with EST/cDNA evidence show 8,264 AS events. Although the functional impact of AS on protein complexity is still understudied in plants, recent examples demonstrate its importance in regulating plant processes. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Alternative splicing in plants – coming of age, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2012.06.001. Alternative splicing (AS) of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) from multiexon genes allows organisms to increase their coding potential and regulate gene expression through multiple mechanisms. Modifications of the cellular proteome pool upon stress allow plants to tolerate environmental changes. Alternative splicing (AS) occurs widely in plants and can provide the main source of transcriptome and proteome diversity in an organism. Previous studies of gene expression in plants have focused on the role of transcriptional regulation in response to environmental changes. In this review, we summarize recent studies describing the specific roles alternative splicing and RNA surveillance play in plant adaptation to environmental stresses and the regulation of the circadian clock. Recently, non-protein-coding transcripts have also been shown to undergo alternative splicing. These discoveries collectively describe a robust system of post-transcriptional regulatory feedback loops which influence RNA abundance. In plants, AS is of growing importance as more genes are found to undergo AS, but relatively little is known about the factors regulating AS or the consequences of AS on mRNA levels and protein function. 1 Upwards of 80% of human genes have been demonstrated to undergo AS, 2, 3 while 20–40% of plant genes produce two or more transcript isoforms. However, recent genome-wide computational analyses have revealed that alternative splicing in flowering plants is far more prevalent than previously thought. [data download] Sablok G, Powell B, Braessler J, Yu F, Min XJ (2017) Comparative landscape of alternative splicing in fruit plants. These discoveries … ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. This number will increase when AS in different tissues, developmental stages, and environmental conditions are explored. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Alternative splicing is a molecular mechanism utilized by a broad range of eukaryotes to extend the repertoire of functions encoded by single genes and to posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. Here we report AS events deduced from EST/cDNA analysis in two model plants: Arabidopsis and rice. Splicing is a co-transcriptional process, and different experimental approaches show that splicing is coupled to transcription in Drosophila, yeast, and mam… These studies have also revealed that alternative splicing in plants can be regulated by cell type, developmental stage, the environment, and the circadian clock. Alternative splicing (AS) results in the generation of multiple mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA sequence, mainly by differential regulation of splice site selection. Alternative splicing regulates the plant circadian clock and stress response. More than 60% of intron-containing genes undergo alternative splicing (AS) in plants. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2017.06.001. Transcription in eukaryotes is functionally coupled to mRNA maturation (Saldi et al., 2017), which includes capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. Alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNA is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to increase transcriptomic and proteomic complexity, and hence phenotypic diversity, via the production of multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene (Reddy et al., 2013 AS not only can increase proteome diversity by generating multiple transcripts from a … Min XJ (2017) Comprehensive cataloging and analysis of alternative splicing in maize. Interestingly, pre-mRNAs of many spliceosomal proteins, especially serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, are extensively … Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. AS also regulates transcript levels and the link with nonsense-mediated decay and generation of unproductive mRNAs illustrate the need for both transcriptional and AS data in gene expression analyses. Alternative splicing (AS) can add significantly to genome complexity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2015.02.008. Alternative splicing (AS) has been considered to be one of the main factors contributing to protein diversity during plant development and stress responses, and the discovery of AS is often viewed as a milestone in achieving an improved understanding of post-transcriptional machinery in plants (Gupta et al. This number will increase when AS in different tissues, developmental stages, and environmental conditions are explored. Computational Molecular Biology 7(1):1-11. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. More than 60% of intron-containing genes undergo alternative splicing (AS) in plants. Alternative splicing (AS) is a widespread mechanism in eukaryotes that generates two or more mRNAs from the same pre-mRNA, therefore potentially leading to the generation of multiple protein products or unstable mRNAs. We suggest that alternative gene splicing is a novel means of regulating the environmental fitness of plants. Recent estimates suggest that over 60% of intron-containing genes … An algorithm, based on expressed sequence tag (EST) pairs gapped alignment, was developed that takes advantage of the relatively small intron and exon size in plants and directly compares pairs of ESTs to search for AS. Alternative splicing regulates both long non-coding RNAs and primary micro-RNAs. AS has influenced the evolution of the complex networks of regulation of gene expression and variation in AS contributed to adaptation of plants to their environment and therefore will impact strategies for improving plant and crop phenotypes. In addition, R gene alternative splicing is dynamic during the defense response. Current Plant Biology. Emerging evidence indicates that in plants, as in animals, transcription and splicing are coupled. More than one mRNA may be produced from a single pre-mRNA by alternative splicing (AS); thus, AS serves to diversify an organism's transcriptome and proteome. Most plant exonic mRNA are flanked by canonical GU/AG splicing signals. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. The submitted study presents an alternative splicing comparison between yellow-seeded and black-seeded rapeseed. Thus far, analyses of AS at the whole-genome level have depended mainly on a high-throughput RNA-Seq approach. Alternative splicing is coupled to RNA surveillance and processing mechanisms, including nonsense mediated decay. 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